You can analyse non-wallet transactions (assuming you have txindex=1 in your zcash.conf file) with getrawtransaction and then running decoderawtransaction on the result.
As for getting transactions per address use a block explorer and then analyse the individual transactions. All the information is available via the individual transactions/blocks but they are indexing the data and making it much easier to interpret.
As noted on other thread some Insight explorer changes are being incorporated into the main zcashd so once they are merged these RPC methods will be available if enabled. You can actually use these already though assuming you are running the Docker Insight container as that patched version of zcashd contains them.
Using your example above for the address balance. First SSH into the container: